Golden Retriever Lifetime Study - Update From Morris Animal Foundation

Got this poignant email from Morris Animal Foundation today: 

As we approach the 15th year of the Golden Retriever Lifetime Study, we are entering a new, exciting stage every pet owner will appreciate. To date, 386 of our dogs have lived to age 13 or older, including three who have reached the remarkable milestone of 15 years. As a lifelong golden retriever owner, it warms my heart to see these dogs thrive. As a veterinarian and epidemiologist, I am eager to leverage this unique dataset to understand what sets these “super-seniors” apart. After all, that is our ultimate goal: we don’t just want dogs to avoid cancer, we want dogs that remain healthy and vibrant well into their golden years.

To capture the shifting challenges these dogs may face as they age, the Study utilizes supplemental surveys that participants can opt into every six months. These provide vital data on mobility and cognition. This initiative began when most dogs in the Study were approximately 8 years old and is rapidly becoming a robust dataset that will aid researchers for decades. Current research suggests dogs fall into two categories: "cognitive maintainers" and "cognitive decliners." Our data is uniquely positioned to help us identify the specific factors that contribute to prolonged cognitive health.

Because the Golden Retriever Lifetime Study is longitudinal, scientific interest has accelerated alongside the Study’s progress. While we have sadly said goodbye to 1,780 heroes, the information they contributed from puppyhood onward is of historic importance. As I write this, more than 100 studies have leveraged our data to investigate a wide variety of health topics. We recently closed our annual call for canine research proposals, and of the 142 pre-proposals submitted, 21 plan to incorporate Study data.

While the Study’s evolution into aging is exciting, our primary objective — to make progress against canine cancer — remains unchanged. The Foundation recently invested in two cancer studies that showed promising initial results. Both successfully identified genetic regions related to hemangiosarcoma and histiocytic sarcoma, respectively. Researchers are now building on these findings using Study data, which could lead to life-saving genetic tests. These are just two examples of the many promising studies currently underway that have the potential to change the future of canine health.

From all of us at Morris Animal Foundation, thank you for making this work possible and supporting the research that will help dogs run, play and be with us to create more memories well into their golden years.

Please keep up the good work; your team will always have wishes from Max and I.  

I said this when Max had cancer and I am saying this now - a lot of insights will come from this study and the Dog Aging Project which will help Sapiens although my moronic species refuse to give data. 

Researchers need a lot of data from healthy people to understand what it looks like not having cancer - a fundamental machine learning common sense. 

Keanu Reeves - Building 15 Dog and Cat Rescue Sanctuaries Across the U.S

Thank you, Sir! 

You are an inspiration. 

“Wick’s Eternal”: The Heart of the Initiative

The name “Wick’s Eternal” is a tribute to Keanu’s iconic role as John Wick, a character who is well-known for his fierce love and protection of his dog, Daisy. This bond, as seen in the movie series, mirrors Keanu’s own relationship with animals. By naming his sanctuary project after this character, Keanu is reinforcing the message that animals are worth fighting for and that their safety and well-being are non-negotiable.

The project aims to offer animals a sanctuary where they are treated with respect and given a chance to heal from past traumas. The sanctuaries will be more than just shelters – they will be homes, providing comfort and safety for animals that have often been victims of neglect or cruelty.

The Sanctuaries: A Safe Haven for Animals

Keanu’s sanctuaries will be located in both urban and rural areas across the U.S. Each facility will be designed to cater to the needs of abandoned, elderly, and sick animals, offering a space where they can feel secure and loved. The design of each sanctuary reflects Keanu’s dedication to providing a high-quality environment for the animals. The sanctuaries will feature:

• Veterinary Services – Each sanctuary will have a state-of-the-art veterinary clinic offering medical care to the animals. These clinics will focus on treating common and chronic illnesses, providing necessary surgeries, and offering routine check-ups. Specialized care will be available for elderly animals, ensuring they receive the attention they need. 

• Hydrotherapy Pools – Many of the animals in need of a safe haven have physical ailments such as joint issues or arthritis. To help them regain mobility and improve their quality of life, hydrotherapy pools will be available. These pools offer a low-impact way for the animals to exercise and recover from injuries or age-related issues. 

• Trauma Recovery Areas – For animals who have experienced abuse, neglect, or trauma, the sanctuaries will feature designated quiet spaces where they can recover in peace. These areas will be designed to reduce stress, allowing the animals to heal both physically and emotionally in a safe, tranquil environment. 

• Spacious Outdoor Areas – Each sanctuary will feature expansive outdoor spaces where animals can roam freely, play, and socialize with other animals. These areas will be fenced in, allowing dogs and cats to exercise and enjoy the natural environment. These spaces are crucial for the animals’ well-being, offering them freedom and the ability to engage in natural behaviors. 

• Adoption Services – While these sanctuaries are a permanent home for some animals, others will eventually be adopted out to loving families. Keanu’s initiative is designed to ensure that no animal stays without a family for long. The adoption process will be thorough, ensuring that animals are placed with families who truly care about their well-being. 

• No Adoption Fees – Perhaps the most remarkable aspect of Keanu’s project is that there will be no adoption fees for any animals. All services, from medical care to adoption, will be provided free of charge, ensuring that no financial barrier prevents an animal from finding a home.

 

Two New Studies Dig Into The Long, Curving Path That Cats Took Toward Domestication

Instead, the study suggests, domesticated cats flourished in China only by following the Silk Road, arriving there around 1,400 years ago. It’s also possible that climate change led to agricultural and population shifts in the region, possibly affecting how much food was available to the lurking Asian wildcats, the researchers suggest.

The paper published in Science, by contrast, focused on Europe and North Africa. It builds on previous work that had suggested the ancestors of domestic cats were a blend of Near Eastern and North African wildcats.

For the new research, the scientists analyzed samples of nuclear DNA—the main genome of an organism, containing both parents’ contributions—from the same specimens that were examined in the older study, which had not looked at this type of DNA.

Particularly intriguing was taking a new look at cats that lived in Turkey thousands of years ago. “I was so excited to have a look at their nuclear genomes for the first time,” says Marco De Martino, a paleogeneticist at the University of Rome Tor Vergata and co-author of the study.

Yet the new analysis suggested something dramatically different to the older work. These Neolithic felines were pure wildcat. The finding, similarly to the results of the analysis done in China, suggests that cat domestication unfolded much more slowly than scientists had thought.

“The cat is a complex species; they are independent,” says Claudio Ottoni, a paleogeneticist at the University of Rome Tor Vergata and another co-author of the Science study. “They were not just staying with humans—they would still go around and mix with local wildcats.”

Both findings suggest truly domesticated cats arose far later than previously believed—perhaps as late as 2,000 years ago. If that timeline is correct, it underscores just how rapidly cats have settled into the human world—and how much we have to learn about our feline friends.

- More Here

The two papers:

• The dispersal of domestic cats from North Africa to Europe around 2000 years ago

• The late arrival of domestic cats in China via the Silk Road after 3,500 years of human-leopard cat commensalism

Cat Owners Asked To Share Pets’ Quirks For Genetic Study

Cat owners are being asked share their pet’s quirky traits and even post researchers their fur in an effort to shed light on how cats’ health and behaviour are influenced by their genetics.

The scientists behind the project, Darwin’s Cats, are hoping to enrol 100,000 felines, from pedigrees to moggies, with the DNA of 5,000 cats expected to be sequenced in the next year.

The team say the goal is to produce the world’s largest feline genetic database.

“Unlike most existing databases, which tend to focus on specific breeds or veterinary applications, Darwin’s Cats is building a diverse, large-scale dataset that includes pet cats, strays and mixed breeds from all walks of life,” said Dr Elinor Karlsson, the chief scientist at the US nonprofit organisation Darwin’s Ark, director of the vertebrate genomics group at the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard and associate professor at the UMass Chan medical school.

“It’s important to note, this is an open data project, so we will share the data with other scientists as the dataset grows,” she added.

The project follows on the heels of Darwin’s Dogs, a similar endeavour that has shed light on aspects of canine behaviour, disease and the genetic origins of modern breeds.

Darwin’s Cats was launched in mid-2024 and already has more than 3,000 cats enrolled, although not all have submitted fur samples.

Participants from all parts of the world are asked to complete a number of free surveys about their pet’s physical traits, behaviour, environment, and health.

However, at present, DNA kits – for owners to submit fur samples – can be sent only to US residents, and a donation of $150 (£120) for one cat is requested to cover the cost of sequencing and help fund the research.

Karlsson added the team had developed a method to obtain high-quality DNA from loose fur without needing its roots – meaning samples can simply be collected by brushing.

The researchers hope that by combining insights from cats’ DNA with the survey results they can shed light on how feline genetics influences what cats look like, how they act and the diseases they experience.

“Understanding the genetics behind personality traits could even shed light on human neurodevelopmental conditions,” said Karlsson.

The team also hopes to learn more about the genetic diversity of different breeds and unpick the ancestry of modern cats, with Karlsson adding she is particularly interested in many-toed cats.

- More Here

My Beloved Monster by Caleb Carr

What a beautiful life is this one we have? Now, imagine that beauty is amplified in multitudes plus in multitude of dimensions when we share this bond with another non-human animal. 

Bloody, I am so damn lucky to have this in this lifetime with Max. I am so damn lucky! 

Now that Max is not present and my time is ticking, he left with Neo, Fluffy, Garph and now this year Saroo and Blue. 

Well, I am not the only one who is lucky; Caleb Carr's final book before he passed away is about his relationship with his cat Masha, My Beloved Monster: Masha, the Half-wild Rescue Cat Who Rescued Me (review here).

The beauty of Carr's relationship is - for the first time someone writes this in an inverse way. He is not anthropomorphizing Masha but he thinks Masha was reverse anthropomorphizing. 

In this exquisite book novelist Caleb Carr tells the story of the “shared existence” he enjoyed for 17 years with his beloved cat, Masha. At the time of writing she is gone, he is going, and all that remains is to explain how they made each other’s difficult lives bearable. The result is not just a lyrical double biography of man and cat but a wider philosophical inquiry into our moral failures towards a species which, cute internet memes notwithstanding, continues to get a raw deal.

Carr explains how Masha picked him as her person when he first visited the animal rescue centre nearly 20 years ago. She was a Siberian forest cat – huge, nearer to her wild self than most domestic moggies, and utterly delightful, a long-bodied streak of red-gold whose forward-facing eyes gave her the look of a delighted baby. The rescue centre staff are desperate that Carr take her, and equally anxious that he should understand what he is getting into. This cat, apparently, fights, bites and is unbothered about seeming grateful. But then, why should she be? Abandoned by her previous owners, she was locked in an apartment and left to die. It is an obscenity, says Carr, that goes on more often than we can bear to imagine.

Once Carr gets Masha – a name he hopes sounds vaguely Siberian – home to his farmhouse on Misery Mountain in upstate New York, she starts to show her true “wilding” nature. Mice and voles are taken down with industrial efficiency. She even sees off a bear, dispatching it with a bloody nose. The only creature that gets the better of her is a wicked kind of weasel native to the area called a “fisher” which bites off her luscious tail and leaves her less nimble for the closing part of her life.

With Carr, though, Masha shows a different side. She is not a lap cat in any sense, but something better, an actively attentive partner. When Carr is racked with pain from his chronic neuropathy, Masha bores her broad Siberian forehead into his clenched body to release the agony. Or she sits by his head for hours at a time, looking anxiously for signs that the discomfort might be easing. “What will cynics call this,” Carr asks rhetorically, “if they will not call it love?” In return he makes her mixtapes of her favourite music, mostly Wagner. And, to help her through the August moon, a time when all cats in the American north-east long to stay outdoors all night, he sets up a halfway house for them on the porch with blankets, camping lights and a television, so that they can get through the high summer madness safely together.

There had been plenty of previous cats in Carr’s life, a succession of spirit animals who accompanied him as he grew up in a household that sounds frankly feral. His father was best friends with Kerouac, Ginsberg and Burroughs. Lucien Carr, who was prodigiously clever, madly violent and free with his fists, battered his middle son into profound anti-sociability. Caleb explains how he has spent most of his adult life dealing with these accumulated wounds – a fractured body with a cats’ cradle of internal adhesions, and an inability to hang on to a romantic relationship for more than a few months. Masha is the salve for this lifetime of self-loathing: “how I lived, what I chose to do, my very nature – all were good enough for her.”

The question of anthropomorphism inevitably raises its head. Carr tetchily denies it, maintaining that everything wondrous about Masha – her emotional receptivity, careful social etiquette, even her tactical stealing of visitors’ socks – can be explained as intentional either by the growing academic literature on animal consciousness or the close observations of her clever vets. Altogether more plausible is his suggestion that it is Masha who is doing a kind of anthropomorphism in reverse, ascribing traits of her own species to Carr in order to make his behaviour comprehensible.

By the end, though, it barely matters. Carr has become so enmeshed with Masha that it is getting hard to tell them apart. When she is diagnosed with terminal lymphoma you know that it will not be long before he follows. And, indeed, in May this year Caleb Carr died of cancer at the age of 68. He has left behind a beautiful book, one of the finest meditations on animal companionship that I have ever read.

Grow Up - Enough With the Fireworks Already

Growing up in India, I enjoyed celebrating Diwali because I could play with fire and be macho. 

As time passed, I grew the fuck up. I grew the fuck up. I learned how much fireworks harm animals, ecosystems and the environment. 

So grow the fuck up and stop using fireworks in name of god knows what. Fireworks has nothing to do with you political ideology. 

Margaret Renkl reminds us that same but more politely than I do: 

For 15 straight years, our old dog Clark — a hound-shepherd-retriever mix who was born in the woods and loved the outdoors ever after — spent the Fourth of July in our walk-in shower. He seemed to believe a windowless shower in a windowless bathroom offered his best chance of surviving the shrieking terror that was raining down from the night sky outside.

Did he think the fireworks, with their window-rattling booms, were the work of some cosmic predator big enough to eat him whole? Did he think they were gunshots or claps of thunder spreading out from inexplicable lightning bolts tearing open the sky above our house?

There’s no way to know what he was thinking, but every single year that rangy, 75-pound, country-born yard dog spent the Fourth of July in our shower, trembling, drooling and whimpering in terror.

Clark was lucky. We have friends whose terrified dog spent one Fourth of July fruitlessly trying to outrun the explosions. The next day a good Samaritan found him lying on a hot sidewalk miles away, close to death. Other friends came home from watching the fireworks to discover that their dog had bolted in terror from their fenced backyard and been killed by a car.

And those were all companion animals, the ones whose terror is clear to us. We have no real way of knowing how many wild animals suffer because the patterns of their lives are disrupted with no warning every year on a night in early July. People shooting bottle rockets in the backyard might not see the sleeping songbirds, startled from their safe roosts, exploding into a darkness they did not evolve to navigate — crashing into buildings or depleting crucial energy reserves. People firing Roman candles into the sky above the ocean may have no idea that the explosions can cause seabirds to abandon their nests or frighten nesting shorebirds to death.

Then there’s the wildlife driven into roads — deer and foxes, opossums and skunks, coyotes and raccoons. Any nocturnal creature in a blind panic can find itself staring into oncoming headlights, unsure whether the greater danger lies in the road or in the sky or in the neighborhood yards surrounding them.

And all that’s on top of the dangers posed by fireworks debris, which can be toxic if ingested, or the risk of setting off a wildfire in parched summertime vegetation. Little wonder, then, that fireworks are banned in all national wildlife refuges, national forests and national parks.

[---]

“All flourishing is mutual,” writes Robin Wall Kimmerer, a botanist and enrolled member of the Citizen Potawatomi Nation, in her best-selling book, “Braiding Sweetgrass.” This is one of the most repeated lines in contemporary environmental literature, and for good reason. It reminds us that all creation, human and other than human, is interconnected. At a time when life on this planet is faltering in every possible way, Dr. Kimmerer gently points out that our own flourishing depends on the flourishing of planetary systems that we are barely beginning to understand.

Addressing climate change and biodiversity loss on a planet with eight billion human residents won’t be simple. How to grow affordable food without using petrochemical fertilizers and pesticides that poison pollinators, for example, is a challenge. How to build enough housing for human beings without also disrupting natural ecosystems is a challenge. Such things are doable, though they won’t be easy.

But there are easy things we can do at no real cost to ourselves. We can eat more vegetables and less animal protein. We can cultivate native plants. We can seek out products that aren’t packaged in plastic, spend less time in cars and airplanes, raise the thermostat in the summer and lower it in the winter. As Dr. Kimmerer points out in “The Serviceberry,” her forthcoming book, “We live in a time when every choice matters.”

In that context, surely, we can give up fireworks. Of all the little pleasures that give life meaning and joy, surely fireworks don’t come close to the top of the list, and it costs us nothing to give them up. This is one case in which doing the right thing requires no significant sacrifice, one case in which doing the right thing has an immediate, noticeable, undeniably positive effect on a suffering world.

The conflation of selfishness with patriotism is the thing I have the hardest time accepting about our political era. Maybe we have the right to eat a hamburger or drive the biggest truck on the market or fire off bottle rockets deep into the night on the Fourth of July, but it doesn’t make us good Americans to do such things. How can it possibly be American to look at the damage that fireworks can cause — to the atmosphere, to forests, to wildlife, to our own beloved pets, to ourselves — and shrug?

The truly American thing would be to join together to make every change we can reasonably make to alleviate the suffering of our fellow creatures, human and other than human alike. The truly American thing would be to plant a victory garden large enough to encompass the entire natural world.

 

How To Make Drugs (Without Animal Testing) - A Documentary

Animal testing is the most CRUEL thing in the world. Humans fuck up their lives by drinking, smoking, eating crap, lethargic lifestyle etc., to make their bodies fragile, And to fix it, they use these poor animals to test drugs. 

It has been proved over and over again - animal testing and studies on drugs are not good indicators for the drugs effectiveness on humans. 

In a nutshell, humans are torturing animals for no use and continue to do so because no one questions. 

I am glad this is getting a lot of moral attention now. 

HOW TO MAKE DRUGS Trailer 2 from First Spark Media on Vimeo.

Last-Chance Pets & The People Who Rescue Them

This is a moral area I fail miserably. 

Rescuing old pets and seeing them die will kill me daily. I know who I am,  what drives me and what kills me. 

I will be emotionally drained. I don't know if this is an excuse to protect myself. 

One thing I know about myself is that I do change everyday. I hope I become stronger to give these beautiful animals one last chance soon or work ways that this horrible fate doesn't happen to any animal. 

This piece is about my human heroes who rescue them. I bow in front of you. Thank you. I hope your acts will change my mind.

In a car on the way back from an animal shelter, with a 12-year-old chihuahua on his lap, Steve Greig felt peace. For months, since the death of his dog, Wolfgang, he had been inconsolable. “I couldn’t make sense of it,” he says. Wolfgang had been hit by a car. Greig had the idea that he could adopt a dog that nobody else wanted, to give an animal a last chance of a loving home. The chihuahua, whom he named Eeyore, was the oldest dog in the shelter and had a heart murmur and four bad knees. Eeyore spent that car journey looking out of the window, tail wagging. “It was not a no-kill shelter, so his future didn’t look that good, but he had a new lease on life,” says Greig. “I’ll never forget it. It felt like Wolfgang had a hand in letting this dog live and it was exactly what I needed.”

It was so rewarding that he soon adopted another old dog – “and one turned into another”. He now has 11. Every so often, a shelter calls him with news of a dog that might be put down and he can’t resist. “The problem with seniors in shelters is they’re the last that are looked at. If you have a senior with health problems, they’re the last of the last.” Greig lives in Colorado, but most of his dogs have been rescued from other states – from “high-kill shelters” where dogs who are elderly, disabled or can’t find homes are euthanised.

Being older – the dogs, not Greig, although he recently retired as an accountant – means they are easier to handle, he says. “It’s not like I’ve got 11 puppies running around. They, like myself, love a routine.” The oldest is 19 and the youngest is eight, but since she is an Irish wolfhound it is as though she were a centenarian. Greig gets up early, takes them out – five can walk without problems; the others usually sit in a wagon – then back for medication and breakfast. Some need more care – one of his dogs is diabetic and has stomach problems. This means boiled fish for his meals and insulin at the same time each day. “I have to plan around that. Others are on special diets as well. A couple are blind, so they won’t go out by themselves; I have to place them outside and bring them in.” Sometimes, he says with an affectionate laugh, they get lost.

[---]

As for the inevitable, everyone goes into it knowing this. “It’s just the idea that you’ve made a difference for a short time to an animal’s life,” says Kennedy. Williams has no idea how long Libby has left, “but every day is a delight”. Crockett says he will mope around for a while once Tia goes, “then reach the conclusion there’s another poor old cat out there who needs a home”. Lewis thinks that, for Sheba and Teddy, “whatever time they’ve got left, they deserve some love”.

For Greig, going through mourning periods fairly regularly has given him an appreciation for life. “I don’t take things for granted. I constantly see how fleeting life is. I see them happy and doing well, usually much better than when they came in, and I feel like I’ve given them the best of whatever time they have left. I don’t mean to say that it’s not hard, but I comfort myself knowing how their lives could have been.”

His last-chance dogs have taught him a great lesson, he says. “The advice I always have if you want to make your life better? Realise that it’s not about you. The people I have seen that are most unhappy think everything is about them. Once you realise that almost everything isn’t, which is what these dogs have taught me, life is so good.”

 

Understanding Animal Subjectivity Through Their Languages

Review of the book Animal Languages: The secret conversations of the living world by Eva Meijer.  

Damn, I didn't know most of what Eva covers in this book! Thank you 

Several years ago, there was big news: Dolphins call one another by name. Like humans, they all have a unique sound that they use to introduce themselves to new dolphins and to call one another. Dolphins are far from the only animals that have names. Parrots receive a name from their parents. Squirrel monkeys have a special “chuck” sound for each individual. Bats have names that they use to call one another so that they can stay together in the darkness. This can be particularly useful in a big group. A name is handy because it allows you to call someone else and to indicate that it is you who is coming.

[---]

Like cats, snakes have a Jacobson’s organ. Located in the roof of the mouth, this is an organ of chemoreception that is part of the olfactory system, which these animals use to smell. Their tongues capture scent particles that they place in the Jacobson’s organ, which has two openings, allowing them to smell the world in stereo. Snakes use this to find both predators and prey, and to communicate with other snakes. The trail that their body leaves behind and the air that they pass through contain pheromones with information about their gender and age, and whether they are pregnant. Young snakes follow this trail to find the location of the shared hibernation space. Puff adders, venomous snakes found mainly in southern Africa, not only leave behind scents for others to follow but also camouflage their own scent in order to deceive predators. Snakes also communicate by touch, and some cobras make low growls.

[---]

There are problems with the mirror test though: First, there are some animals who do not mind having a sticker on their skin. Second, in some cultures looking at yourself in the mirror is not good form. Third, it is not that suitable for animals whose other senses are more important than sight.

To start with the first point: Elephants use mud to keep cool and to prevent itching, so they often do not object to a little thing like a sticker on their skin and therefore score badly in the mirror test, in spite of their intelligence and socially minded attitude. We find the second, cultural aspect in gorillas, who are social animals and assumed to be self-aware, but they are naturally shy and long eye contact is not common among their kind, so they too score badly on the mirror test. The same applies, incidentally, to children from some non-Western cultures. Out of 82 children from Kenya, only two passed the test, whereas Western children pass the test almost without exception — clearly the difference here is cultural, not cognitive. Thirdly, the test is also not very suitable for animals whose sight is not good. Dogs are more focused on scent than on sight, so animal ethologist Marc Bekoff came up with the yellow snow test, a variation on the mirror test. Dogs live in a universe of scents, which inspired Bekoff to carry out an experiment in which he collected pee from the snow and investigated how his dog reacted. The dog in question, Jethro, spent considerably less time sniffing his own pee than that of other dogs, so he was clearly reacting differently to the scent profile of other dogs than to his own.

These examples show us that there is more going on in the social lives of animals than we may think. Looking at their languages can help us to better understand their inner lives. However, as the mirror test demonstrates, there are also problems with research methods that are based on human capacities: Human bias distorts how we view other animals. Similarly, if we only study the languages of other animals on the basis of how much they resemble human language, many animals will not fare well. In order to move beyond anthropocentrism, power relations in research need to be taken into account, and we need to develop new research practices together with other animals. In this process, existing concepts such as language can be a starting point.

How Cats Took Over the World

After studying the mitochondrial DNA of those 209 ancient cats, the study's authors say cat populations seem to have expanded in two waves. The first occurred in early Middle Eastern farming villages, where wild cats with a distinct mitochondrial lineage grew along with the human communities, eventually reaching the Mediterranean. As rodents congregated to steal food, wild cats were probably just capitalizing on the easy prey at first, then were adopted as farmers realized their benefits.

The second wave came millennia later, as the descendants of Egyptian domestic cats spread around Africa and Eurasia. Many of those Egyptian cat mummies had a particular mitochondrial lineage, and the researchers found that same lineage in contemporary cats from Bulgaria, Turkey, and sub-Saharan Africa.

This rapid expansion of cats was most likely linked to ship travel, the researchers say. Like farmers, mariners were often plagued by rodents seeking their food stores—and thus naturally predisposed to welcome rat-killing carnivores onboard. Geigl and her co-authors even found this same DNA lineage in cat remains at a Viking site in northern Germany, which they dated between the eighth and 11th centuries.

"There are so many interesting observations," Pontus Skoglund, a population geneticist at Harvard Medical School who wasn't involved in the study, tells Nature News. "I didn't even know there were Viking cats."

- More Here

And Fluffy and Garph seamlessly took over the micro world of even a guy like me who's life is smitten by Max. 

Are Cats Really Domesticated?

All small species of wild feline – of which there are many – meow. Instead, the domestic cat has modified this sound, making it shorter, higher-pitched and more pleasing to our ears. Researchers have suggested that humans have an innate preference for high-pitched sounds and that cats adapted accordingly.

And it’s not just the meow. Scientists at the University of Sussex have shown that when cats want something (usually food), they deploy an insistent, chainsaw-like purr that bears some phonetic resemblance to a human baby’s cry. Other small feline species also purr, so this is most likely another example of an existing trait cleverly adapted to manipulate us into getting what they want.

[---]

The domestic cat may not have evolved much from the African wildcat, but the changes that have occurred have produced household companions that are both friendlier and better able to manipulate us. Some breeds have been selected to be even more attentive chums, essentially dogs in cat’s clothing. For example, without any training at all, Nelson announces playtime by bringing his toys and dropping them at my feet, fetching them when they’re thrown across the room. And as for the disturbing claim that your cat would eat you if you died at home and your body weren’t discovered: don’t believe it.

- More Here

The Forgotten History Of Cats In The Navy

Early sailors believed that cats could control the weather with their tails. When feline tails twitched in a certain manner, people once reasoned, it meant the cats were angry and preparing to unleash a violent storm that would soon fall over the ship. Later sailors realized that cats twitched their tales when they were agitated by a sudden drop in air pressure, indicating that the ship was heading into unfavorable weather. Crews began to monitor all the mannerism of their ship’s cats and viewed any unusual behavior as a storm warning. The felines were, in a sense, little furry barometers.

[---]

Though cats are known for their aversion to water, they acclimated quite well to life on the sea. Unlike the “limeys” of the Royal Navy, who famously had to drink citrus juice to prevent scurvy, cats make their own vitamin C and can survive on a diet consisting of fish and mammals without needing to eat fruits and vegetables. And when rodents were in short supply, cats had different methods for catching fish for themselves. The easiest prey were the ones that simply washed up on the deck. Some cats overcame their dislike of water to become skilled divers that could snatch fish from the ocean. The cats that never got comfortable with swimming still managed to hunt by deftly knocking down fish leaping over the ship’s bow. Because cats got most of the moisture they needed from eating the fish, they did not require a lot of potable water like human sailors. In addition, cats have an excellent internal filtration system that allows them to drink a bit of sea water if necessary.

[---]

Feline companions were also important for boosting morale among homesick sailors on long voyages, providing the crew with much-needed affection and a bit of softness in the spartan environment of ship. Since cats were considered mascots to be shared by all the sailors, they also helped to create bonds among the crew.

The animals are notoriously difficult to train to do tricks, but some sailors claimed they learned to “speak cat” and were able to get their mascots to perform feats such as standing at attention, saluting, walking tight ropes, and ringing bells. This especially contributed to the U.S. Navy’s goodwill efforts in foreign ports when locals were invited for ship tours that included a brief show featuring performing cats.

- More Here

What I've Been Reading

Unicellular genes that enhance competition and survival are precisely those genes that cause cancer in multicellular organisms. The seed of cancer already exists in every multicellular organism, because it is simply a remnant of our evolutionary past. When the new rule break down, the old unicellular behaviors reassert themselves. The seed of cancer grows, is immortal, moves around, and uses the Warburg effect. This is an ancient tool kit of survival responses. These are the hallmarks of cancer. This is the new invasive species known as cancer. 

The Cancer Code: A Revolutionary New Understanding of a Medical Mystery by Dr. Jason Fung.

Dr. Jason's book was published few months after Max passed away but until I read this book, I have no idea that cancer is a unicellular organism that was competing with Max and every one of us who are multicellular organisms. This changes everything I knew about cancer and the treatment options. To be clear, none of the treatments given to Max nor available now are nothing but playing Russian roulette with not only genetics, lifestyle, ecology but against a primordial unicellular organism which is evolved before we did. 

What is Cancer?

The term cancer does not refer to a single disease, but denotes a collection of many different diseases related to certain qualities. Something can be considered cancer when it has the following 8 characteristics:

• Grows
• It sustains proliferative signaling
• It evades growth suppressors
• It resists cell death
• It induces angiogenesis.
• Is Immortal
• It enables replicative immortality
• Moves Around
• It activates invasion and metastasis
• It evades immune destruction
• Uses the Warburg Effect
• It deregulates cellular energetics

Benign cancer shares all the first five characteristics and without the ability to metastasize, cancer is more a nuisance than a serious health concern. 

Somatic Mutation Theory (SMT)

The basic postulates of SMT include: 

1. Cancer is caused by acquiring multiple DNA mutations.
2. These mutations accumulate randomly.
3. The cells in the tumor are all derived from one original clone. 

The somatic mutation theory of carcinogenesis patched together all the disparate know causes of cancer into a coherent, unified theory (mine: very similar to a religious, free-market, or soviet style ideologies).  This paradigm focused research from extrinsic agents (chemicals, radiations, and viruses) onto intrinsic defects (genetic mutations). 

The great contemporary thinker and philosopher Nassim Taleb often uses this allegory of the Procrustean bed to describe how facts are often tortured to fit a certain narrative. The widely and often blindly followed somatic mutation theory of cancer required a Procrustean bed to fit the facts, too. 

Cancer was far, far more different genetically than they were alike since:

• Different types of cancer had different mutations 
• The same type of cancer in different patients had different mutations. 
• The same cancer in the same patient had different mutations in the primary tumor compared to metastatic cancer. 
• The same cancer in the same patient had different mutations in different mutations at different sites of metastasis. 
• The same cancer in the same patients in the same tumor mass had different mutations. 

Cancer was a baffling mishmash of genetic peculiarities that had almost no connection to one another. Genetic mutations were everywhere and nowhere. Some cancers had hundreds of mutations, and others had none at all. The rate of mutations necessary to develop a cancer is much higher than the known rate of mutation in human cells. Normal cells just don't mutate anywhere close to the rate needed to produce cancer. Finally, the genetic mutations were a proximate, rather than a root, cause of cancer. 

Genetic mutations may explain the mechanism of how cancers keep growing, but they do not explain the fundamental question of why these genes mutated. The SMT fails because it is entirely inward-looking, towards our genes, instead of outward-looking, toward the environment. The seed is important, but the soil matters most. 

Cancer is older than humanity

The oncogenes and the tumor suppressor genes discovered so laboriously over the last quarter-century are mutations of normal genes. Every single cell in our body contains the seed of cancer. Why?

Dogs get cancer. Cats get cancer. Rats get cancer. Even the most primitive multicellular organisms develop cancer. In 2014, cancer was discovered in two species of hydra. You may recall from high school biology class that hydra are simple, small aquatic organisms that evolved very early on from single-cell organisms. 

The origins of cancer are found at the origins of all multicellular life itself. This may have seemed obvious to a cancer outsider, but not to an insider with the curse of knowledge. Cancer is very deeply embedded into the way multicellular life is done. 

Cancer is older than humanity. Searching for the answers to cancer's origin among the evolutionarily recent genes of humans is futile. The answers are simply not there. Cancer was something much older and more fundamental to life on earth than humanity. 

Single-cell organisms differ from multicellular organisms by the following four main characteristics: 

1. They grow
2. They are immortal
3. They move around
4. They use glycolysis (also called the Warburg effect)

These are precisely the characteristics of cancer!

Cancer originates from cells of a multicellular organism, but it behaves precisely as a single-cell organism. This is a spectacular and novel finding. 

The roots of cancer lie in our evolutionary past. Perhaps cancer was not a forward-looking evolutionary process, but a backward-looking one. 

Today's standard cancer treatments resemble ancient existential threats: radiation (pre-ozone layer), poison, and antimetabolites (nutritional challenges, periodic starvation). Unicellular cells are no strangers to these threats and have evolved effective responses to flourish under these precise conditions. 

We've long treated cancer as some kind of random genetic mistake. A mistake that arises in all animals throughout history and evolves independently in millions of people a year? Cancer is hardly a mistake. Cancer is the ultimate survivor. When all else dies, cancer is there because it is the core of the cell that will survive at all costs. Cancer is not random, and it is not stupid. It has developed the tools it needs to survive. 

This model fits the known facts of cancer better than any previous paradigm. Undoubtedly, this will not be the final word on cancer, and it should not be judged as such. Nor are all its suppositions proven facts. There will always be much to learn about cancer, but I believe this new paradigm is a huge and useful step forward, explaining many of cancer's mysteries. 

Nutrition & Cancer: 

Fiber - By comparative study between African (with lots of fiber) and Western diet (little fiber); cancer was not simply a disease of too little fiber, and thus, eating more fiber didn't translate into less cancer. 

Fat - By comparative study between South Pacific Islanders (with lots of fat) and Indian vegetarians (low fat); lowering dietary fat resulted in no measurable protection against cancer. 

Vitamins - When vital nutrients like beta-carotene are available in large doses, cancer cells are highly active and grow like weeds. Same with folic acid (vitamin B9), Vitamin E while Vitamin C, D, and Omega-3 oils were neutral. High-dose vitamins promote cell growth. It is really that simple. 

But diet plays a large role in cancer. 

• Obesity clearly increases the risk of cancer. Obesity also clearly increases the risk of type 2 diabetics. The link - insulin. 
• Avoid - Sugar and refined grains which leads to hyperinsulinemia. 
• Insulin is an important nutrient sensor, signaling the presence of food, but what does that have to do with cancer? Everything! The nutrient sensor insulin is also a highly potent growth factor. 
• Each increase in ten centimeters in height is associated with a 16 percent increase in the risk of cancer. Growth factors increase height. Growth factors also increase cancer risk. 
• The most widely studied natural food for cancer chemoprevention (term used to denote foods, supplements, or drugs that may block progression of cancer) is green tea, which contains high levels of catechins. 

Growth - The common thread that runs through all conditions of increased weight, increased weight, increased eyeball length (myopia), and cancer is that they are all conditions of excessive growth. We often think growth is good, but the truth is that in adults, growth is not necessary or even good. Quite the contrary, growth is bad, sometimes very bad. 

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) - This was an astonishing revelation for biologists - the equivalent of discovering a new continent in the Atlantic Ocean. Hundreds of years of medical science had somehow missed this fundamental nutrient-sensing pathway that was so essential to life on earth that it had been conserved in animals from yeast all the way to humans. In an evolutionary sense, mTOR is older even than the much better-known sensor insulin. The mTOR pathway is found in virtually all life-forms, rather than just mammals, so the name was changed to a mechanistic target of rapamycin, but it retained its catchy moniker "mTOR". 

AMPK - The nutrient sensors insulin and mTOR respond mainly to dietary intake of carbohydrates and proteins. The nutrient sensor AMPK, however, assesses the overall available cellular energy. 

• Lots of energy stored = low AMPK
• LIttle energy stored = high AMPK
• High AMPK lowers mTOR activity, slowing growth down. AMPK increases the production of new mitochondria, the energy makers in cells, to increase the cell's capacity for burning fat. AMPK also increases autophagy, the important cellular self-cleansing, and the recycling process. 
• Foods and drugs that activate AMPK - Diabetes drug metformin; resveratrol from grapes and red wine; epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from green tea and chocolate; capsaicin from peppers; turmeric, garlic, and the traditional Chinese medical herb berberine. Calorie restriction also activates AMPK. 

Autophagy - The word autophagy derives from the Greek word auto, meaning "self" and phagein, meaning "to eat", so it literally means "eating oneself". Autophagy is a regulated, orderly process of degrading cellular components to be recycled into new ones. Autophagy functions as a cellular housekeeper, when mTOR is high, putting the cell into growth mode, so autophagy and mitophagy (the process of removing old and damaged mitochondria) turn off. 

• Nutrient deprivation, especially protein deprivation lowers mTOR and activates autophagy. 

Metastasis:

Cancer cells break off the primary tumor to find more room to grow. This happens early in cancer's course, as the circulating tumor cells (CTCs) consume nutrients rapidly and are very quickly driven by the increased competition for resources. This new environmental stress creates new evolutionary selection pressures. 

Unfortunately, these CTCs find out that the bloodstream is a terribly hostile environment, and most just die. One day, a rare genetic mutant arises that is able to survive both the immune cell attack and the travel through the bloodstream long enough to circulate back to the original tumor site. 

As it returns home, it finds a sanctuary against all the scary things trying to kill it, and it recovers. The tumor has just self-seeded. But this returning cancer is more aggressive and just a tiny bit better able to survive in the bloodstream. This more aggressive variant multiplies within the safety of the primary tumor site. It dominates and outcompetes the incumbent cancer cells. This cycle of tumor self-seeding and metastasis repeats over and over, with cancer continually evolving over time its ability to survive the bloodstream. 

Eventually, a rare genetic mutation allows the cancer cells to reach the new distant shore of the other organs and manage to survive. They might not thrive, but at least they're not dead. This micrometastasis is so small that it is undetectable and may lie dormant for decades. Invasion and metastasis are difficult to skills to master, and most cancers fail. 

Given enough time, Darwinian evolutionary processes select a rare genetic variant to flourish, and the little outpost of metastatic cancer cells grows. Cancer has just become metastatic. This slow process from initial carcinogenesis to metastasis takes decades. 

New Dawn:

The evolutionary/ecologic paradigm recognizes the importance of cell-to-cell interactions and interactions with the environment, making it a far more dynamic, inclusive, and comprehensive theory of cancer. Evolutionary biology links carcinogenesis, progression, and metastasis, whereas genetics considers them all as separate issues. 

This idea is not new; it just needed to be rediscovered. "Cancer is no more a disease of cells than a traffic jam is a disease of cars," wrote cancer researcher D.W. Smithers in 1962. A traffic jam results from the interaction between the car, neighboring cars, and the environment. If you look only at each individual car - Are the brakes working? Was it recently serviced? - you will fail to find the problem. 

Similarly, cancer is not only a genetic disease but also an ecological disease. The environment plays a huge role in determining whether cancer grows. Under certain conditions, such as high insulin levels, cancer will thrive, while under other conditions, it will fail to establish itself. 

Treatments:

Screening

Simply catching more early-stage diseases is not useful by itself. In breast and colorectal cancer, screening reduced late-stage disease but in prostate, esophageal, and pancreatic cancer it has not, and that makes all the difference in the world. 

Many of the early-stage breast cancers are unlikely to ever progress to a dangerous state - as the evolutionary model explains, cancer can be fully contained by the body's own anti-cancer mechanisms. Aggressive treatment of early cancers is simply unnecessary. With toxic treatments such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, the treatment may be worse than the disease. 

Finding and treating cancers that don't need to be treated is not a useful strategy. 

Without good evidence of the benefits of screening, and a better understanding of why it may fail, we must rely on the ancient medical guiding principle of Primum non-nocere, which means, "First, do no harm." 

Dietary Determinants

Autopsy studies find unsuspected prostate cancer in 30 percent of men over the age of fifty, 50 percent by age seventy, and an astounding 80 percent by age ninety. Because the seed of cancer is ever-present in all our cells, an important question is: why don't you get cancer? If it is not a seed problem, then it may be a soil problem. Diet is a hugely important determinant of progression because nutrient availability is inextricably linked to cell growth, particularly for cancer cells. For the most part, dietary prevention of cancer boils down to one key strategy: avoiding diseases of hyperinsulinemia, including obesity and type-2 diabetes.   

Ketones

When fat is metabolized for energy, molecules called ketone bodies are produced, which cancer cells have difficulty using. By simulating the breakdown of muscle protein, amino acids are delivered to the liver and converted to glucose, which cancer cells love. So, while weight loss may be a useful strategy to prevent the progression of cancer, cancer cachexia (a phenomenon of unintentional weight loss in patients with advanced disease), once advanced, limits the effect of diet on cancer treatment. Reducing glucose in an attempt to "starve" cancer is only modestly hopeful because advanced cancer can break down other tissues to free the glucose it needs. Dietary therapy must likely be combined with other treatments to be effective at this stage.

Fasting & Cancer:

• Intermittent fasting is a promising nutritional approach for cancer prevention, as it protects against many risk factors such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and inflammation. 
• Fasting simultaneously reduces all human nutrient sensors, most of the growth pathways, and also increases autophagy and mitoghagy. 
• Fasting during chemotherapy may also reduce the side effects of treatment while increasing efficacy. Fasting protects the normal cells by putting them into a quiescent state, or maintenance mode, which may help mitigate chemotherapy side effects of hair loss and nausea. Cancer cells do not enjoy this protective state because their genetic programming puts them into continuous growth mode. 

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy has several inherent advantages over conventional treatments. 

• The boosted immune system is a dynamic system that can better keep pace with cancer's moves. The immune system can adjust and evolve alongside the cancer. 
• Immune system has a memory, so it may prevent recurrence. 
• Immunotherapy has fewer side effects than standard chemotherapies because the immune system is a targeted treatment. 
• Immunotherapy is a systemic treatment, which is crucial because cancer is a systemic disease. Metastasis occurs early in the disease process, so a systemic therapy can treat potential micrometastases throughout the body. The immune system can lock on and destroy cancer cells and does not need to be manually targeted in the same way as local treatments like surgery and radiation. The systemic nature of treatment also means that immunotherapy may be effective even very late in the disease process, after the cancer has metastasized. 

Because Cats Know Things!

Soon afterward, the cats enjoyed the attention so much, they started taking the lead as we went through our daily ritual of having meals and snacks at the hotel. It was while they trooped in front of us that we noticed that they were taking a curved route to traverse the street, instead of going straight across. At first, we didn’t realize what they were up to, so didn’t really pay much attention. But as time passed, the curved pattern they walked became more pronounced, so was far more noticeable. Instead of walking directly across the road, they would walk off to the left or to the right, curving back in to finish up at the hotel terrace. Going home, the same thing happened in reverse. We were stumped, but intrigued, so chalked it up to feline idiosyncrasies.

Time passed, and the route that the cats took to the hotel terrace became even more circular. They walked a half circle outline going across the street to the cafe and another half circle going back home. It was becoming very odd. We kept trying to figure out why the cats wouldn’t go straight across the road. Soon we made a game of it, giggling as we followed the spherical route that the cats took to the restaurant terrace, and then back home again.

Over dinner one evening on the terrace, we were relaxing and enjoying ourselves watching the world go by, when we were shocked by an unbelievable explosion as a passing car disappeared into a cloud of dust, right before our eyes. Running to the road with other dining guests, we found ourselves looking upon a huge gaping hole in the street with the car crumpled inside it, about six feet deep, down from the road level. It was a sinkhole, collapsing in the very spot our cats had been circling for months. We now realized that they had detected the anomaly and had been leading us around it to keep us from harm.

The emergency services personnel later told us that a leaking water pipe had caused the earth to erode under the street, leading to the sinkhole that collapsed the road. Somehow, our brood had sensed the danger and sought to warn and protect us. Happily, no one in the car that fell through was gravely injured, though the car itself looked like it needed considerable repairs.

- Cat Premonition

What I've Been Reading

We are at one with all other creatures. Humans do not rank above other animals, or below them. There is no cosmic scale of value, no great chain of being; no external standard by which the worth of a life can be judged. Humans are humans, cats are cats. The difference is that, while cats have nothing to learn from us, we can learn from them how to lighten the load that comes with being human. 

One burden we can give up is the idea that there could be a perfect life. It is not that our lives are inevitably imperfect. They are richer than any idea of perfection. The good life is not a life you might have led or may yet lead, but the life you already have. Here, cats can be our teachers, for they do not miss the lives they have not lived. 

Feline Philosophy: Cats and the Meaning of Life by John Gray. 

To state the obvious again; no one has influenced my thinking other than John Gray. Reading this is book is nothing but a guilty pleasure. Most of Gray's writings starts as a confirmation bias for me. 

Nevertheless, Gray motivates and helps me understand that I am not alone. Thank you, sir. 

Yuval Harri of Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind fame is a splendid writer but John Gray has been writing better books for decades and much more to offer. I might be wrong, I do see Gray's influence in Harri's writing (check out their interview together). I wish more people read and understand John Gray's basic wisdom. 

Following are the ten lessons from the book; self-observation are in parenthesis:

1. Never try to persuade human beings to be reasonable

Trying to persuade human beings to be rational is like trying to teach cats to be vegans. Human beings use reason to bolster whatever they want to believe, seldom to find out if what they believe is true. This may be unfortunate, but there is nothing you or anyone else can do about it. If human unreason frustrates or endangers you, walk away.

(I understand this in theory and I do follow this in practice than most sapiens. But yet, I do forget this most important lesson often when in midst of sapiens. Call it Ulysses style self control; I spend most of my time with Neo, Fluffy, and Garph.) 

2. It is foolish to complain that you do not have enough time

If you think you do not have enough time, you do not know how to pass your time. Do what serves the purpose of yours and what you enjoy doing for its own sake. Live like this, and you will have plenty of time.

(Well, Max taught me this lesson 14 years ago and still dominates  lesson persists all my actions)

3. Do not look for meaning in your suffering

If you are unhappy, you may seek comfort in your misery, but you risk making it the meaning of your life. Do not become attached to your suffering, and avoid those who do.

(This I learned from Fluffy. I did go out of my misery against every cell in my body to bring Neo home within three days after Max passed away.)

4. It is better to be indifferent to others than to feel you have to love them

Few ideals have been more harmful than that of universal love. Better cultivate indifference, which may turn into kindness.

(Most of my disagreements with Sapiens come from this lesson. In these polite, white lies filled and politically correct disillusioned life has little place for people like me. I do understand that most people don't  follw this lesson, and naturally, I don't give a fuck about it) 

5. Forget about pursuing happiness, and you may find it

You will not find happiness by chasing after it, since you do not know what will make you happy. Instead, do what you find most interesting and you will be happy knowing nothing of happiness.

(Thomas Jefferson made the biggest mistake of his life by adding the phrase "pursuit of happiness". That mistake has eventually lead us to Huxley's Brave New World where people cannot emote even when Max passed away.) 

6. Life is not a story

If you think of your life as a story, you will be tempted to write it to the end. But you do not know how your life will end, or what will happen before it does. It would be better to throw the script away. The unwritten life is more worth living than any story you can invent.

(No kidding! Unwritten is more worth living indeed. My favorite quote Mind as a River has been a guiding force to drop my "story" in a heart beat)

7. Do not fear the dark, for much that is precious is found in the night

You have been taught to think before you act, and often that may be good advice. Acting on how you feel at the moment may be no more than obeying worn-out philosophies you have accepted without thinking. But sometimes it is better to follow an inkling that glimmers in the shadows. You never know where it may lead you.

(I have written many times over the years on how depression is an "oil change" for the brain and has always helped me to think clearly.)

8. Sleep for the joy of sleeping

Sleeping so that you can work harder when you wake up is a miserable way to live. Sleep for pleasure, not profit.

(Once again, Max taught me this.)

9. Beware anyone who offers to make you happy

Those who offer to make you happy do so in order that they themselves may be less unhappy. Your suffering is necessary to them, since without it they would have less reason for living. Mistrust people who say they live for others.

(Same as #5 and #4)

10. If you cannot learn to live a little more like a cat, return without regret to the human world of diversion

Living like a cat means wanting nothing beyond the life you lead. This means living without consolations, and that might be too much for you to bear. If so, take up an old-fashioned religion, preferably one that abounds in rituals. If you cannot find a faith that suits you, lose yourself in common life. The excitement and disappointments of romantic love, the pursuit of money and ambition, the charades of politics, and the clamour of the news will soon banish any sense of emptiness.

(I cannot ever return to the human world of diversion. I don't fit it nor I want to fit in. Just the mere thought of it gives me nightmares) 

There are thousands of more lessons I learned and still learning from Fluffy and Garph. I will continue to observe, incorporate those lessons into my life, and jot it down here until I fall. 

The point is a cat is just one of many from the non-human animal creed. There are zillion lessons Max taught me and Neo teaches from a different dimension. I learn rich and diverse lessons from individual's from a single species namely dog and cat, There are other second-hand lessons I learned from Elephants, African Grey Parrots, Octopus, Ravens, and Dolphins for starters. 

It is no accident that my time was filled with wonder every moment I spent with Max and now, the wonder continues in a different dimension with Fluffy, Garph, and Neo. 

My little world with an infinitesimal allocated time and a life with no significance became richer since I stepped outside of myself and tried to step into Max's world. I can only hope that I stepped out far enough; that is one of the reasons I want to experience psychedelics. 

To put it bluntly and paraphrasing John Gray - It's just plain boring to spend this precious life basking in my own and fellow sapiens' unwavering "imagined" radiance. 

Feline Philosophy: Cats and the Meaning of Life - John Gray

No living philosopher (nor human) has influenced my thinking so much as John Gray. But I never knew he was a big-time animal lover. 

His new book Feline Philosophy: Cats and the Meaning of Life are the lessons he learned from his two late cats Jamie and Julian (Jamie passed away this year at an age of 23). 

I can tell even before reading this book that the book oozes with timeless wisdom. I cannot wait to read this book on November 24th when it releases in the US. Thank you, John, from Max, Fluffy, Graph, and Neo. 

Here is a review and interview with him - 'What can we learn from cats? Don't live in an imagined future': 

Gray believes that humans turned to philosophy principally out of anxiety, looking for some tranquillity in a chaotic and frightening world, telling themselves stories that might provide the illusion of calm. Cats, he suggests, wouldn’t recognize that need because they naturally revert to an equilibrium whenever they’re not hungry or threatened. If cats were to give advice, it would be for their own amusement.

[---]

Gray never bought the idea that his book was a handbook for despair. His subject was humility; his target any ideology that believed it possessed anything more than doubtful and piecemeal answers to vast and changing questions. The cat book is written in that spirit. If like me you read with a pencil to hand, you will be underlining constantly with a mix of purring enjoyment and frequent exclamation marks. “Consciousness has been overrated,” Gray will write, coolly. Or “the flaw in rationalism is the belief that human beings can live by applying a theory”. Or “human beings quickly lose their humanity but cats never stop being cats”. He concludes with a 10-point list of how cats might give their anxious, unhappy, self-conscious human companions hints “to live less awkwardly”. These range from “never try to persuade human beings to be reasonable”, to “do not look for meaning in your suffering” to “sleep for the joy of sleeping”.

[---]

In these three-tiered times our original plan for this interview was to meet and sit outside a cafe in Bath – Gray, 72, is wary of inside – but the forecast suggested we’d have got soaked, so we have retreated, catlike, indoors, and to Zoom. In some ways, I suggest, Gray’s is the perfect book for the estranging oddness of the pandemic. How has he coped?

“I’ve tried to emulate what I recall of my wonderful cat Julian,” he says. “Which is, not to live in an imagined future. We simply don’t know how this is going to develop. And of course, the political response in most places, and certainly here, has been shambolic. But that inability to come up with a clear response reflects, I think, something deep: that even the most well-developed systems of knowledge always leave an enormous amount of uncertainty.”

[---]

In the last sentence of Straw Dogs, Gray asked a question, almost plaintively: “Can we not think of the aim of life as being simply to see?” Has writing the current book helped him to understand what such a life of experience might look like?

“Cats live for the sensation of life, not for something they might achieve or not achieve,” he says. “If we attach ourselves too heavily to some overarching purpose we’re losing the joy of life. Leave all those ideologies and religions to one side and what’s left? What’s left is a sensation of life – which is a wonderful thing.”

One Health - Linking Human, Animal & Ecosystem Health

 Finally, a splendid initiative to capture the complexities of the life of earth!

This is the must-have knowledge tp make us humble and start to understand the complex interdependencies. The genesis of fake news to conspiracy theories is caused by ignoring these complex interdependencies and forcefully looking for simple answers which don't exist. 

Check out One Health and you can follow them on twitter: 

Definitions of One Health

One Health is a collaborative, multisectoral, and trans-disciplinary approach - working at local, regional, national, and global levels - to achieve optimal health and well-being outcomes recognizing the interconnections between people, animals, plants, and their shared environment.

Scope of One Health

 

Some people misunderstand and think that One Health is about everything therefore if must be about nothing.  But the truth is that One Health thinking (see definition above) and implementation is needed in so many arenas that it just seems to be about 'everything'.

 

Here are a few areas that urgently need the One Health approach, at all levels of academia, government, industry, policy and research,  because of the inextricable interconnectedness of animal, environmental, human, plant and planet health:

• Agricultural production and land use
• Animals as Sentinels for Environmental agent and contaminants detection and response
• Antimicrobial resistance mitigation
• Biodiversity / Conservation Medicine
• Climate change and impacts of climate on health of animals, ecosystems, and humans
• Clinical medicine needs for interrelationship between the health professions
• Communications and outreach
• Comparative Medicine: commonality of diseases among people and animals such as cancer, obesity, and diabetes
• Disaster preparedness and response
• Disease surveillance, prevention and response, both infectious (zoonotic) and chronic diseases
• Economics / Complex Systems, Civil Society
• Environmental Health
• Food Safety and Security
• Global trade, commerce and security
• Human - Animal bond
• Natural Resources Conservation
• Occupational Health Risks
• Plant / Soil health
• Professional education and training of the Next Generation of One Health professionals
• Public policy and regulation
• Research, both basic and translational
• Water Safety and Security
• Welfare / Well-being of animals, humans, ecosystems and planet

Potential Outcomes from the One Health Approach:

• More interdisciplinary programs in education, training, research, and established policy (See http://bit.ly/2Hld7pl )
• More information sharing related to disease detection, diagnosis, education and research 
• More prevention of diseases, both infectious and chronic
• Development of new therapies and approaches to treatments

Cats Point The Way To Potential COVID-19 Remedies

 

Now, another California biotech, Anivive Lifesciences, is working on a COVID-19 antiviral drug that’s inspired by cats, and it has new preclinical research findings to back up the project.

Scientists led by the University of Alberta reported that a drug developed to treat a coronavirus that can cause FIP inhibited the main protease of both SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. That prevented the human coronaviruses from replicating in cell cultures, they reported in the journal Nature Communications.

Anivive originally licensed the drug, called GC376, from Kansas State University in 2018 and has been working since then to develop it as an antiviral to treat FIP, a progressive disease in cats that’s often caused by a coronavirus and is fatal if left untreated. Last month, Anivive said it had started two preclinical studies to determine whether GC376 could also treat COVID-19.

GC376 was designed to inhibit a protease called 3C, which promotes the replication of several coronaviruses that infect animals and people. They include feline coronavirus (FCoV), which usually causes mild symptoms in cats but can lead to FIP.

Two pilot studies of GC376 in pet cats infected with FIP showed that the drug was effective against the disease within two weeks and was well tolerated. Anivive is currently scaling up production of the drug for larger studies in cats.

- More Here

Cats Choose Humans Very Early

Much like the behavior of cats, the origin of Felis catus is replete with mystery. While domestic cats are one of the most popular pets globally today, the process of how they came to be domesticated is not entirely understood — a situation made more complicated by the fact that cats still are not fully domesticated.

In a new study, scientists examined the relationship between humans and cats during the Neolithic Period to pinpoint when cats became pets. This study indicates that, in Europe, the road to becoming a housecat began when Near Eastern wildcats, the ancestor of domestic cats, followed early farmers to the continent.

The foundation of this study are Near Eastern wildcat bones dated to 4,200 to 2,300 BCE found in Poland — bones that the study team yearned to find, but never expected to actually discover.


Magdalena Krajcarz is the study's first author and a researcher at the Institute of Archeology at Nicolaus Copernicus University. She tells Inverse her interest in ancient cats was triggered by the discovery of a felid mandible from a cave in southern Poland, found within the archeological context of an ancient Celtic ritual.

[---]

"We are not giving up on cats," Krajcarz says. "This is just the beginning of a more in-depth study of cat history."

- More Here

And full paper here:

Abstract

Cat remains from Poland dated to 4,200 to 2,300 y BCE are currently the earliest evidence for the migration of the Near Eastern cat (NE cat), the ancestor of domestic cats, into Central Europe. This early immigration preceded the known establishment of housecat populations in the region by around 3,000 y. One hypothesis assumed that NE cats followed the migration of early farmers as synanthropes. In this study, we analyze the stable isotopes in six samples of Late Neolithic NE cat bones and further 34 of the associated fauna, including the European wildcat. We approximate the diet and trophic ecology of Late Neolithic felids in a broad context of contemporary wild and domestic animals and humans. 

In addition, we compared the ecology of Late Neolithic NE cats with the earliest domestic cats known from the territory of Poland, dating to the Roman Period. Our results reveal that human agricultural activity during the Late Neolithic had already impacted the isotopic signature of rodents in the ecosystem. These synanthropic pests constituted a significant proportion of the NE cat’s diet. Our interpretation is that Late Neolithic NE cats were opportunistic synanthropes, most probably free-living individuals (i.e., not directly relying on a human food supply). We explore niche partitioning between studied NE cats and the contemporary native European wildcats. We find only minor differences between the isotopic ecology of both these taxa. We conclude that, after the appearance of the NE cat, both felid taxa shared the ecological niches.

Cats Recognize Their Own Names—Even If They Choose to Ignore Them

“This new study clearly shows that many cats react to their own names when spoken by their owners,” says biologist John Bradshaw, who studies human-animal interactions at the University of Bristol’s Anthrozoology Institute and was not involved in the new study. But Bradshaw says he is less convinced cats can recognize their names when spoken by someone unfamiliar. “I think that it’s entirely possible that some cats are able to generalize between one human voice and another, but I’d like to see more trials before I’d say that the evidence is compelling,” he says.

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